[35][12] In addition to the suppression of the Ukrainian people, their language and culture, Ukrainian surnames were Rumanized, and the Ukrainian Orthodox Church was persecuted. It was absorbed by Romania between the world wars. The following article describes Northern Bukovina parish registers. [6][7][8], The name first appears in a document issued by the Voivode of Moldavia Roman I Muat on 30 March 1392, by which he gives to Iona Viteazul three villages, located near the Siret river.[9]. Cernui-Trgu-Mure, 1994, Ania Nandris-Cudla. The index records only name, year of birth, and page number on which the record may be found. There were 142,933 houses. This book records births that took place in the town of Timioara from 1862 to 1885. 1868-1918, Austro-Hungarian Empire, Birth records, Death records, Dej, Marriage records, Transylvania, Tags: At the same time all Ukrainian organizations were disbanded, and many publicly active Ukrainians were either killed or exiled." All that has been filmed has not yet been made available. The second list includes families in Dej itself (presumably, though this is not entirely clear) and from villages to the south and in the immediate vicinity of Dej. This book was maintained by the Dej community at least until the interwar period (stamps in Romanian). www.lbi.org. In 1873, the Eastern Orthodox Bishop of Czernowitz (who was since 1783 under the spiritual jurisdiction of the Metropolitan of Karlovci) was elevated to the rank of Archbishop, when a new Metropolitanate of Bukovinian and Dalmatia was created. The new Soviet-Romanian border was traced less than 20 kilometres (12 miles) north of Putna Monastery.
bukovina birth records bukovina birth records - hullabaloo.tv The book is organized by year, that is, each page records births in the respective year. This book records births that took place in and around the town of Snnicolaul Mare from 1837 to 1884 (note the National Archives has this catalogued as including births only until 1876) or in families living in Snnicolaul Mare and the region during the mid-late 19th century. Historically the population consisted of Moldovans (Romanians) and Ukrainians (Ruthenians and Hutzuls). As a result, more rights were given to Ukrainians and Romanians, with five Ukrainians (including notably Lukian Kobylytsia), two Romanians and one German elected to represent the region. Note that the Status Quo Ante community became the Neologue community after several years. In this period, the patronage of Stephen the Great and his successors on the throne of Moldavia saw the construction of the famous painted monasteries of Moldovia, Sucevia, Putna, Humor, Vorone, Dragomirna, Arbore and others. 1868-1918, 1919-1945, Austro-Hungarian Empire, Birth records, Cluj, Interwar Romania, Neologue communities, Transylvania, Tags: Ukrainians are still a recognized minority in Romania, and have one seat reserved in the Romanian Chamber of Deputies. The most frequently mentioned villages are Urior (Hung: Alr), Rzbuneni (Hung: Szinye), Cuzdrioara (Hung: Kozrvr), Reteag (Hung: Retteg). [citation needed] The strong Ukrainian presence was the official motivation for the inclusion of the region into the Ukrainian SSR and not into the newly formed Moldavian SSR. This register records births, marriages, and deaths for Jews in villages near the town of Dej. Another Austrian official report from 1783, referring to the villages between the Dniester and the Prut, indicated Ruthenian-speaking immigrants from Poland constituting a majority, with only a quarter of the population speaking Moldavian. Pokuttya was inhabited by Ruthenians (the predecessors of modern Ukrainians together with the Rus', and of the Rusyns). Tags: The register was kept relatively thoroughly with all data completed clearly in most instances. dave and sugar the door is always open. [72] Rumanization, with the closure of schools and suppression of the language, happened in all areas in present-day Romania where the Ukrainians live or lived. In the 15th century, Pokuttya, the region immediately to the north, became the subject of disputes between the Principality of Moldavia and the Polish Kingdom. Please see also the entry for the original record book, which is catalogued under district of Timioara, nr. A significant part of Ukrainian intelligentsia fled to Romania and Germany in the beginning of the occupation. In general the entries were not comprehensively completed: they frequently only give name; date; gender; parent names and marital status; birth place; whereas normally such a book includes midwife name; circumcision or naming ceremony details and name of witnesses or godparents. The census only recorded social status and some ethno-religious groups (Jews, Armenians, Roma, and German colonists). The Austrian Empire occupied Bukovina in October 1774. Edwrd Bukovina.
bukovina - Ancestry.com There is one page of marriages entered; no year is provided for the marriages (1870s?) [22], In 1843 the Ruthenian language was recognized, along with the Romanian language, as 'the language of the people and of the Church in Bukovina'.[55]. Tomul VIII. [12][13], United by Prince Oleg in the 870s, Kievan Rus' was a loose federation of speakers of East Slavic and Uralic languages from the late 9th to the mid-13th century,[15][16] under the reign of the Rurik dynasty, founded by the Varangian prince Rurik. [citation needed] In fact, some territories with a mostly Romanian population (e.g., Hertsa region) were allotted to the Ukrainian SSR. Bukovina was the reward the Habsburgs received for aiding the Russians in that war. This book is an alphabetic index of names found in the birth record book for the town of Timioara, Fabric quarter, from 1870-1895. Notably, Ivan Pidkova, best known as the subject of Ukraine's bard Taras Shevchenko's Ivan Pidkova (1840), led military campaigns in the 1570s. They were part of the tribal alliance of the Antes. At the end of the 19th century, the development of Ukrainian culture in Bukovina surpassed Galicia and the rest of Ukraine with a network of Ukrainian educational facilities, while Dalmatia formed an Archbishopric, later raised to the rank of Metropolitanate. The territory became part of the Ukrainian SSR as Chernivtsi Oblast (province). Please see also the entry for the alphabetic index of names corresponding to this book which is catalogued under Timioara-Fabric quarter, nr. It was absorbed by Romania between the world wars. 1 [Timioara-cetate, nr. This landing page is a guide to Austrian ancestry, family history, and genealogy: birth records, marriage records, death records, census records, family history, etc. The headings and entries are in Hungarian. Birth place and dates of the parents is seldom indicated but children data is almost always completed. Records .
Browse Items The Archives of Jewish Bukovina & Transylvania This is an ongoing project. [12][13], Under the protection of Romanian troops, the Romanian Council summoned a General Congress of Bukovina for 15/28 November 1918, where 74 Romanians, 13 Ruthenians, 7 Germans, and 6 Poles were represented (this is the linguistic composition, and Jews were not recorded as a separate group). [9] The population of Bukovina increased steadily, primarily through immigration, which Austrian authorities encouraged in order to develop the economy. Initially, the USSR wanted the whole of Bukovina. Please see also the entry for the original record book, which is catalogued under Timioara-Fabric quarter, nr.
Babzia Babi Malka Frime Schaefler (1858 - 1930) - Genealogy At the same time, the Ukrainian population rose to 108,907 and the Jewish population surged from 526 in 1774, to 11,600 in 1848. The very term "Ukrainians" was prohibited from the official usage and some Romanians of disputable Ukrainian ethnicity were rather called the "citizens of Romania who forgot their native language" and were forced to change their last names to Romanian-sounding ones. Most Ukrainian immigrants of this period were identified on government records as Poles, Russians, Austrians, Bukovinians, Galicians and Ruthenians, arriving from provinces in the Austro-Hungarian Empire. Such registration catalogues and immatriculation books generally contain biographical data such as birth place and date, parental information including father's occupation, previous schools attended, place of residency and so forth. Consideraii preliminare despre demografie i geopolitic pe teritoriul Bucovinei. Strikingly similar sentences were used in other sayings and folkloristic anecdotes, such as the phrase reportedly exclaimed by a member of the Aragonese Cortes in 1684.[19]. bukovina birth recordsbukovina birth records ego service center near me Back to Blog. Probably the book was either kept in Mociu or stored there in later years and thus is catalogued as being from that village. The first two Ukrainian settlers arrived in Canada in 1891 followed by tens of thousands until the start of the First World War. The committee took power in the Ukrainian part of Bukovina, including its biggest center Chernivtsi.
Edwrd Bukovina 1932-1932 - Ancestry A Jewishgen search of birth records in the Bukovina for the surname PEIKHT or phonetically alike returns the birth of one Lea Pacht in Kandreny, Campulung, on 21/6/1882, daughter of Abraham and Malka Frime nee SCHAFLER. This register records births, marriages, and deaths for the Jews of several communities near the town of Dej, including Ocna Dejului (Hung: Dsakna); Ccu (Hung: Kack); Maia (Hung: Mnya); Mnstirea (Hung: Szentbenedek); Reteag (Hung: Retteg) and other villages near the above settlements. Sometimes this information is included and sometimes not. [23], Based on the above anthropological estimate for 1774 as well as subsequent official censuses, the ethnic composition of Bukovina changed in the years after 1775 when the Austrian Empire occupied the region. It is assumed that Soviet civil registration replaced Austrian/Romanian church registration around that year. Fntna Alb: O mrturie de snge (istorie, amintiri, mrturii). 1868-1918, Austro-Hungarian Empire, Banat, Birth records, Interwar Romania, Timioara, World War II, Tags: (in Romanian), 1855 Austrian ethnic-map showing 1851 census data in lower right corner, "The Ukrainians: Engaging the 'Eastern Diaspora'". The index is in Romanian, indicating it was created much later than the original record book to which it refers. Very few births recorded took place in Turda itself. This book was maintained by the Dej community at least until the interwar period (stamps in Romanian). All Death, Burial, Cemetery & Obituaries results for Bukovina. Despite being catalogued under "Dej" there are in fact no births, marriages or deaths recorded in Dej itself. the Moldavian region, vassal of the Turks) God himself set Dniester as the border" (Inter nos et Valachiam ipse Deus flumine Tyras dislimitavit). New York, NY 10011, U.S.A. In some places in southern Bukovina, such as Balkivtsi (Romanian: Blcui), Izvoarele Sucevei, Ulma and Negostina, Ukrainian majority is still reported in Romanian census. ), the name of the individual and a page number, apparently referring to the original birth book, are recorded. The second list specifies the birth date and sometimes includes birth place. The only information recorded is the name of the deceased and place and date of death. . Russians are the next largest ethnic group with 4.1%, while Poles, Belarusians, and Jews comprise the rest 1.2%. [13], With the collapse of Austria-Hungary in 1918, both the local Romanian National Council and the Ukrainian National Council based in Galicia claimed the region. The Archives of Jewish Bukovina & Transylvania Title: Reghin-Jewish: births 1886-1899 Alternative Title: Description: This register is entirely in Hungarian, with a few names written in Hebrew by certain scribes. This book is an alphabetic index of names found in the birth record book for the district of Timioara from 1886-1950. Addenda are in Romanian. It was organized as part of the Bukovina Governorate. It was incorporated into the Principality of Terebovlia in 1084. The headings and entries are in Hungarian. The Austrians "managed to keep a balance between the various ethnic groups. The Bukovina Society of the Americas is a non-profit corporation registered in the State of Kansas. [29][30], In World War I, several battles were fought in Bukovina between the Austro-Hungarian, German, and Russian armies, which resulted in the Russian army invading Chernivtsi for three times (30 August to 21 October 1914, 26 November 1914 to 18 February 1915 and 18 June 1916 to 2 August 1917). The register was kept relatively well with all data clearly completed in most instances. This collection comprises civil registers recording births, marriages, and deaths. According to the 1930 Romanian census, Romanians made up 44.5% of the total population of Bukovina, and Ukrainians (including Hutsuls) 29.1%. The index records only name, year of birth, and page number on which the record may be found. The records consist primarily of transcripts, though some originals are interfiled. ara fagilor: Almanah cultural-literar al romnilor nord-bucovineni. In addition to the birth date, place, and gender of the baby, parental information, midwife name, and data on the naming ceremony or bris is provided. Other than the 25 families listed as residing in Dej, no other villages record having more than five familes, most have only one or two. [37] In the northern part of the region, however, Romanians made up only 32.6% of the population, with Ukrainians significantly outnumbering Romanians. The headings and entries are in Hungarian and often the Hebrew name and date is included. Nazi Germany, which was surprised by the Soviet claim to Bukovina,[citation needed] invoked the German ethnics living in the region. This book records births that took place in the town of Timioara from 1871 to 1886, primarily in the Iosefin/Josefstadt/Jzsefvros quarter. This register records births for Jews living in and around Turda. bukovina birth records. In the other eight districts and the city of Chernivtsi, Ukrainians were the majority. Please note this register is catalogued under "Dej" but the surveying archivists chose to rename it within the JBAT catalogue to more accurately reflect the contents. This resulted in dead and wounded among the villagers, who had no firearms.
Reghin-Jewish: births 1886-1899 The Archives of Jewish Bukovina This book was maintained by the Dej community at least until the interwar period (stamps in Romanian). Data recorded is typical for record books of this time and includes the individual's name and birth details; parent details; place of residence; for births information on the circumcision; for marriages information on the ceremony; for deaths circumstances of death and details on the burial. There are no other indications as to for or by whom the book was created. tefan Purici. Originally the registers were kept by each respective parish, church, synagogue, etc. Name; date; gender; parents; marital status of parents; parent residence; midwife name; circumcision or naming ceremony details and name of witnesses or godparents are provided. Please note the Hungarian names have a variety of spellings and the entries are not at all uniform. 1883-1904 no births recorded; only four recorded from 1916-1931) and generally lack comprehensive data. Note that the page number corresponds with the original page number, not the subsequent one given by the National Archives. The earliest birth recorded is 1833. All Jewish registers held at the Cluj archives are described in detail below; please click on a title for more information. In 1907, the population, there were 730,195 inhabitants; 110,483 Catholic, 500,262 Orthodox, 96,150 Jews, and 23,300 other religions. Another birth record is for their daughter . [12][13], After the fragmentation of Kievan Rus', Bukovina passed to the Principality of Galicia (Principality of Galicia-Volhynia) in 1124. Entries are generally comprehensively completed; they record the names of the child and parents, often including mother's maiden name; the birth date and place; gender; whether the birth was legitimate; information on circumcisions; midwives; and names of witnesses (to the circumcision or name-giving) or godparents. 255258; Vasile Ilica. [13] The Ukrainians won representation at the provincial diet as late as 1890, and fought for equality with the Romanians also in the religious sphere. Please note a noticeable portion of the families recorded here were from villages around Cluj, rather than Cluj itself. [5] The region was temporarily recovered by Romania as an ally of Nazi Germany after the latter invaded the Soviet Union in 1941, but retaken by the Soviet army in 1944. Fdercis tervek az Osztrk-Magyar Monarchia talaktsra", "Minoritatea ucrainean din Romnia (19181940)", "Calvarul bucovinenilor sub ocupatia sovietica", "The Genocide of Romanians in Northern Bukovina", "Preedintele Iohannis a promulgat legea prin care data de 28 noiembrie este declarat Ziua", 1855 Austrian ethnic-map showing census data in lower right corner, File:Ethnographic map of austrian monarchy czoernig 1855.jpg, "Romnii din Ucraina reclam lipsa de interes a autoritilor de la Bucureti", "Comunitatea romneasc din Ucraina | CONSULATUL GENERAL AL ROMNIEI n Cernui", "Ziare.com: Romanii din Ucraina sunt divizati. Bukovina Genealogy Research - Bukovina Society Bukovina Genealogy Research Researching Bohemian-German Settlers in Bukovina List of Church Records in the National Archive of Romania in Suceava (Note: The records are NOT on-line.) Some scribes recorded the Hebrew name. There is not much difference between the two. Cernui-Trgu-Mure, 1994, p. 160. 1868-1918, 1919-1945, Austro-Hungarian Empire, Birth records, Interwar Romania, Transylvania, Turda, Tags: This register records births for the Orthodox Jewish community of Cluj. The book is printed and recorded in German. It would appear that the records were gathered into the civil registration system though it is not clear when. beyond distribution houston tx; bagwell style bowie; alex pietrangelo family; atlas 80v battery run time; has anyone died at alton towers; The first transfer occurred in 1983. [12], The Ukrainian language was suppressed, "educational and cultural institutions, newspapers and magazines were closed. The Ukrainian populists fought for their ethnocultural rights against the Austrians. Please note there are a few documents from the interwar period attached to records verifying or contesting legal names. [46] Men of military age (and sometimes above), both Ukrainians and Romanians, were conscripted into the Soviet Army. After the rise of Ukrainian nationalism in 1848[12] and the following rise of Romanian nationalism, Habsburg authorities reportedly awarded additional rights to Ukrainians in an attempt to temper Romanian ambitions of independence. The lists seem to have been prepared for a census. Skip . "[12], Romanian authorities oversaw a renewed programme of Romanianization aiming its assimilationist policies at the Ukrainian population of the region. The book records births in the Jewish community of Dej and in many of the surrounding villages. The entries are not chronological and it is not clear when the book was started, probably in the 1880s. [13] However, their achievements were accompanied by friction with Romanians. Bukovina Cemeteries, Archives and Oral History. A few notes are in Hungarian but for the most part the text consists exclusively of names.
Bukovina Genealogy Research - Bukovina Society After 1908 births are recorded only sporadically. New York, U.S., Arriving Passenger and Crew Lists (including Castle Garden and Ellis Island), 1820-1957 .
bukovina birth records - nasutown-marathon.jp [4][12][13][citation needed], "Eymundr replied: "He thought it less to be marked than to live, and I think he has escaped and has been in Tyrklandi (Land of Pechenegs) this winter and is still planning to attack your hand, and he has with him a non-flying army, and there are Tyrkir (Pechenegs) and Blakumen (Vlachs) and many other evil nations." Genealogy of Bukovina - Bukovina Historical Records. Ukrainian national sentiment re-ignited in the 1840s. 168/2). This registry is kept in Hungarian, with occasional notes in Romanian (made after 1918). By, Calculated from statistics for the counties of Tulcea and Constana from, Oleksandr Derhachov (editor), "Ukrainian Statehood in the Twentieth Century: Historical and Political Analysis", Chapter: "Ukraine in Romanian concepts of the foreign policy", 1996, Kiev, Soviet occupation of Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina, Metropolitanate of Bukovinian and Dalmatia, massacred Jewish soldiers and civilians in the town of Dorohoi, Ukrainians are still a recognized minority in Romania, Residence of Bukovinian and Dalmatian Metropolitans, Galicia, Central European historical region, The Creeping Codification of the New Lex Mercatoria, "The Bukovina-Germans During the Habsburg Period: Settlement, Ethnic Interaction, Contributions", "Looking Forwards through the Past: Bukovina's "Return to Europe" after 19891991", "Geography is destiny: Region, nation and empire in Habsburg Jewish Bukovina", "Painted monasteries of Southern Bucovina", "Bukovina (region, Europe) Britannica Online Encyclopedia", "Die Bevlkerung der Bukowina (von Besetzung im Jahr 1774 bis zur Revolution 1848)", "Bukovina Society of the Americas Home Page", "Cronologie Concordant I Antologie de Texte", "127.
Browse Items The Archives of Jewish Bukovina & Transylvania The register was kept relatively well with all data completed in most instances. Romania was forced to formally cede the northern part of Bukovina to the USSR by the 1947 Paris peace treaty. The withdrawal of the Romanian Army, authorities, and civilians was disastrous. All the children born to one family are listed together; the families are numbered. They later did open German schools, but no Ukrainian ones. The 1857 and 1869 censuses omitted ethnic or language-related questions. During this period it reinforced its ties to other Ukrainian lands, with many Bukovinian natives studying in Lviv and Kyiv, and the Orthodox Bukovinian Church flourishing in the region. retired football players 2020. sensation de bulle dans le haut du ventre; yeshiva ketana of waterbury; protest in sheffield today palestine; jonah rooney parents. This book is an alphabetic index of names found in the birth record book for the town of Timioara, citadel quarter, from 1862-1885. At the same time, Ukrainian enrollment at the Cernui University fell from 239 out of 1671, in 1914, to 155 out of 3,247, in 1933, while simultaneously Romanian enrollment there increased several times to 2,117 out of 3,247. To download this article in the pdf format click here. 1868-1918, Austro-Hungarian Empire, Birth records, Dej, Transylvania, Tags: Name; date; gender; parents; marital status of parents; parent residence; midwife name; circumcision or naming ceremony details and name of witnesses or godparents are provided. 4 [Plasa central Timioara, nr. The situation was not improved until the February Revolution of 1917. [14] In the year 1359 Drago dismounted Moldavia and took with him many Vlachs and German colonists from Maramure to Moldavia. In the decade following 1928, as Romania tried to improve its relations with the Soviet Union, Ukrainian culture was given some limited means to redevelop, though these gains were sharply reversed in 1938. [12][13] It then became part of the Principality of Galicia. During the Habsburg period, the Ukrainians increased their numbers in the north of the region, while in the south the Romanian nationality kept its vast majority. [13], Almost the entire German population of Northern Bukovina was coerced to resettle in 19401941 to the parts of Poland then occupied by Nazi Germany, during 15 September 1940 15 November 1940, after this area was occupied by the Soviet Union. The Northern portion was incorporated into Ukraine afterwards. Record information. P. 35. Entries are generally comprehensively completed; they record the names of the child and parents, often including mother's maiden name; the birth date and place; gender; whether the birth was legitimate; information on circumcisions; midwives; and names of witnesses (to the circumcision or name-giving) or godparents. The town of Suceava (German and Polish: Suczawa), the largest in southern Bukovina, The Administrative Palace in Suceava (German and Polish: Suczawa), Cmpulung Moldovenesc (German: Kimpolung), Sltioara secular forest, UNESCO World Heritage Site, Vorone Monastery, UNESCO World Heritage site, Medieval Putna Monastery in Putna, Suceava County, The German House in Chernivtsi (Romanian: Cernui, German: Czernowitz), Residence of Bukovinian and Dalmatian Metropolitans, UNESCO World Heritage site, Crlibaba (German: Mariensee/Ludwigsdorf), The Polish basilica in Cacica (Polish: Kaczyka), The Roman Catholic church of the Bukovina Germans in Putna, Soloneu Nou (Polish: Nowy Sooniec) village, Mnstirea Humorului (German: Humora Kloster), Mocnia-Huulca-Moldovia narrow-gauge steam train in Suceava County, Media related to Bukovina at Wikimedia Commons, Romanian Wikisource has original text related to this article: La Bucovina (Mihai Eminescu original poem in Romanian). This register records births occuring from 1892-1907 in the Jewish community of Turda. [citation needed][neutrality is disputed] For example, according to the 2011 Romanian census, Ukrainians of Romania number 51,703 people, making up 0.3% of the total population. Edit your search or learn more U.S., Newspapers.com Obituary Index, 1800s-current Death, Burial, Cemetery & Obituaries Name Georga Bukovina An analysis of a record sample below shows the following transitions in script. Both headings and entries are entirely in German; some entries have notes in Hungarian added at later points in time. After 1944, the human and economic connections between the northern (Soviet) and southern (Romanian) parts of Bukovina were severed. Please note the Hungarian names have a variety of spellings. The people that have longest inhabited the region, whose language has survived to this day, are the Ruthenian-speakers. The Red Army occupied Cernui and Storojine counties, as well as parts of Rdui and Dorohoi counties (the latter belonged to inutul Suceava, but not to Bukovina). [52] Indeed, the migrants entering the region came from Romanian Transylvania and Moldavia, as well as from Ukrainian Galicia. Data on heads of household typically includes the following: name address date and place of birth occupation education Data on other family members may consist of name relationship to head of household year of birth occupation These records are in Romanian.
Browse Items The Archives of Jewish Bukovina & Transylvania [32] Although local Ukrainians attempted to incorporate parts of Northern Bukovina into the short-lived West Ukrainian People's Republic, this attempt was defeated by Polish and Romanian troops. (1847-1895), Israelite community, Timioara-Iosefin quarter: births (1887-1942), Israelite community, Timioara-Iosefin quarter: births (1871-1886), Israelite community, Timioara-Fabric quarter: alphabetic index of births (1875-1882), Israelite community, Timioara-Fabric quarter: alphabetic index of births (1870-1895), Israelite community, Timioara-Fabric quarter: births (1875-1882), Israelite community, Timioara-Fabric quarter: births (1870-1895), Israelite community, Timioara-citadel quarter: alphabetic index of births (1886-1942), Israelite community, Timioara-citadel quarter: alphabetic index of births (1862-1885), Israelite community, Timioara-citadel quarter: alphabetic index of births (1830-1895), Israelite community, Timioara-citadel quarter: births (1886-1942), Israelite community, Timioara-citadel quarter: births (1862-1885), Israelite community, district of Timioara: Alphabetic index to birth records (1886-1950), Israelite community, district of Timioara: births (1886-1950), Israelite community, district of Timioara: births (1878-1931). The territory of Bukovina had been part of Kievan Rus and Pechenegs since the 10th century. 1868-1918, Austro-Hungarian Empire, Banat, Birth records, Timioara, Tags: There is also one page of deaths recorded, taking place in the late 1860s-1880s. After the war and the return of the Soviets, most of the Jewish survivors from Northern Bukovina fled to Romania (and later settled in Israel).[44]. Most of them settled in Silesia, near the towns: Bolesawiec, Dzieroniw, Gubin, Luba lski, Lwwek lski, Nowa Sl, Oawa, Prudnik, Wrocaw, Zielona Gra, aga, ary. This register records births, marriages, and deaths for Jews in the village of Reteag (Hung: Retteg) and several nearby villages. [citation needed] The only data we have about the ethnic composition of Bukovina are the Austrian censuses starting from the 1770s. The collection is arranged alphabetically by the name of the locality, and then if applicable subdivided into subparts by religious denomination.