b. learned behavior. Still, we must remember that the model is a starting point for the researcher, and due to this, it determines what causes might be investigated at the exclusion of other causes. Or, they are easily distracted and sits in the back so that all stimuli are in front of him/her. a. Existential therapy is very new, and there hasnt yet been enough time to conduct thorough research. Cognitive processes cannot be empirically and reliably measured and should be ignored. b. transference. 36. The electrical portion of the neural impulse is just the start. a. 2.3.1.4. b. modeling. b. a severe mental illness and who is not a candidate for brain stimulation therapy. b. family structure and communication. On the other hand, if we see a sibling constantly getting in trouble with the law, then we may not model this behavior due to the negative consequences. She has developed depression due to a serotonin deficiency. For example, some women may experience symptoms of mental disorders at times of hormone change, such as perinatal depression, premenstrual dysphoric disorder, and perimenopause-related depression. A behavioral psychologist would say that the temper tantrums result from: a. unresolved intrapsychic conflict. Which statement about paradigms is FALSE? Describe observational learning and modeling. Exemplify the effect of maladaptive cognitions on creating abnormal behavior. A psychodynamic therapist would consider this an example of: a. catharsis. The defense mechanism that BEST explains his behavior is: The antenna-like extensions located at one end of the neuron are called: A therapist identifies a biological factor in a patient with depression. 147. Which of the following is NOT a weakness of the biological model of abnormal behavior? 31. c. It is full of abnormal evolutionary principles. c. unconditional positive regard. All other toys are allowed, including a Bobo doll. 2.2.3.3. This begs the question of how we can really know that they exist. The drug causes severe vomiting if a person drinks alcohol while taking the drug. This criticism would be true of behaviorisms first two stages, though sociobehaviorism steered away from this proposition and even fought against any mechanistic leanings of behaviorists. a. working through b. exposure therapy c. role playing d. family therapy. c. There is limited research supporting biological causes of mental illness. How do socioeconomic, gender, environmental, and multicultural factors affect mental illness and its treatment? Reinforcement can either occur continuously meaning every time the desired behavior is made the subject will receive some reinforcer, or intermittently/partially meaning reinforcement does not occur with every behavior. Therefore, there is no such thing as abnormal behavior. d. A child often deliberately (consciously) adopts so-called abnormal behaviors when interacting with the family unit as a way to maintaining homeostasis.. 2.3.2.1. In science, the perspectives used to explain events are known as: None of the models are complete within themselves. d. displacement. 2.2.3.2. a. The so-called new wave of cognitive therapy differs from traditional cognitive therapy in that it emphasizes: a. challenging irrational cognitions. Most people who receive couple therapy report no real improvement in their functioning. Learning has two main forms associative learning and observational learning. 54. I bet the bad behavior ended too. Some researchers have manipulated the behaviors and thoughts of study participants to create clinical-like symptoms. In the case of borderline personality disorder, many people report experiencing traumatic life events such as abandonment, abuse, unstable relationships or hostility, and adversity during childhood. _____ theory focuses on observable and conscious behaviors, whereas _____ theory focuses on unconscious processes. The brain stimulation technique that uses an electromagnetic coil placed on or above a persons head to send electrical current into certain areas of the brain is called: a. vagus nerve stimulation (VNS). Add them up and see if making some minor, or major, adjustments to your schedule will free an hour to get in some valuable exercise. Charlotte feels a knot in her stomach when she enters a hospital to visit an ailing aunt. This response does not need to be learned and shows the relationship between an unconditioned stimulus (UCS) yielding an unconditioned response (UCR). 86. Just because there is a relationship between culture and a particular disorder, it does not mean that culture causes the disorder. Infections can cause brain damage and lead to the development of mental illness or exacerbate existing symptoms. As you might expect, the behavior will begin to weaken and eventually stop when this occurs. If you recognize your worth as a person, Carl Rogers would say that you have developed: In the 1960s and 1970s, social upheaval and soul-searching in Western society gave rise to humanistic and existential therapies. The room contains a highly prized toy, but they are told they cannot play with it. Before the race begins, she thinks, "I won't be able to do this!" The humanistic perspective. According to psychoanalysts, if a patient relives past repressed feelings, that patient is said to have experienced: a. repression. d. case studies. PDF CHAPTER 71 Diagnosis and Classification Issues: DSM-5 and More This thought is an example of: Which statement is NOT an appropriate criticism of the sociocultural model? 159. A person who is isolated and lacks social support or intimacy is more likely to: Which of the following exemplify secondary prevention? d. develop depression that requires hospitalization. Bertha (Anna O.) Also, long-term hospitalizations are less likely to occur as a result, though the medications do not benefit the individual in terms of improved living skills. What are some issues facing the biological model? This is called the. According to the National Alliance on Mental Illness (NAMI), cognitive behavioral therapy focuses on exploring relationships among a persons thoughts, feelings and behaviors. Source: https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/index.shtml. Thats all right. The principle of multifinality emphasizes that: a. stress is the primary factor leading to abnormality. c. moderate to severe mental illness and a coexisting developmental disorder. Describe how the sociocultural model explains mental illness. d. integrate new behaviors to compensate for other damaging behaviors. b. rationalization. 70. 112. b. modeling. d. a severe disorder and who has not responded to any other therapies over years of treatment. Module Overview. A theorist who believes that the multicultural perspective is the correct way to think about abnormality comes from which paradigm? To do this, the client must be aware of the distressing thoughts, when they occur, and their effect on them. a. cognitive therapy b. biological therapy c. psychodynamic therapy d. behavior therapy. d. classical conditioning. Second, we must remember what a model does to imitate it. 45. Reinforcement and punishment can occur as two types positive and negative. During repolarization the neuron will not fire no matter how much stimulation it receives. It is difficult to research this perspective. It has several structures in common with all cells in the body. c. gestalt. The goal of therapy is to wean patients from their childlike dependency on the therapist. Which of the following exemplify secondary prevention? The neural impulse proceeds across the following steps: Lets look at the electrical portion of the process in another way and add some detail. The paradigm, or model, adopted by people in the Middle Ages to explain abnormal behavior was the _____ model. d. discounted the concept of abnormality and focused on acceptance. Providing routine mental health screenings, followed by immediate intervention as needed. d. catharsis. The psychologist who would MOST closely agree with this statement would be described as: a. behavioral. He developed the law of effect thanks to his work with a puzzle box. Nari was taking the bar exam and was concerned that she didnt know the answers to many of the questions. This is an example of behavior modification using: Which of the following is NOT influenced by the paradigm to which an investigator subscribes? Still, cognitive-behavioral therapies have proven their efficacy for the treatment of OCD (McKay et al., 2015), perinatal depression (Sockol, 2015), insomnia (de Bruin et al., 2015), bulimia nervosa (Poulsen et al., 2014), hypochondriasis (Olatunji et al., 2014), and social anxiety disorder (Leichsenring et al., 2014) to name a few. Solved which statement about catergorical vs dimensions | Chegg.com Humanists would say that an individual who cares about others and who is spontaneous, courageous, and independent is: a. authentic. It consists of sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems. d. behavioral. When I was about eight years old, I would walk up the street in my neighborhood, saying, Im Chicken Little and you cant hurt me. Most ignored me, but some gave me the attention I was seeking, a positive reinforcer. Also of importance to the neuron is the myelin sheath or the white, fatty covering which: 1) provides insulation so that signals from adjacent neurons do not affect one another and, 2) increases the speed at which signals are transmitted. 42. Interestingly, younger adults are more likely to develop SAD than older adults. They are sexual in nature. Consider the following: In relation to men: While mental illnesses affect both men and women, the prevalence of mental illnesses in men is often lower than women. b. ones values and goals. b. the evolution of adaptive and maladaptive behavior is fundamentally different. Evaluate the usefulness of the biological model. Important here is that specific culture- and gender-related diagnostic issues are discussed for each disorder, demonstrating increased awareness of the impact of these factors. By pairing a neutral stimulus and unconditioned stimulus (bell and food, respectively), the dog will learn that the bell ringing (NS) signals food coming (UCS) and salivate (UCR). You are doing your best. What Is Abnormal Psychology? Definition and Topics - Verywell Mind a. Once the electrical impulse reaches the end of the axon, called the axon terminal, it stimulates synaptic vesicles or neurotransmitter sacs to release the neurotransmitter. According to Mental Health America, Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is a procedure in which a brief application of electric stimulus is used to produce a generalized seizure. Patients are placed on a padded bed and administered a muscle relaxant to avoid injury during the seizures. Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts. Hmm. 161. Postconditioning, or after learning has occurred, establishes a new and not naturally occurring relationship of a conditioned stimulus (CS; previously the NS) and conditioned response (CR; the same response). When we try to establish how abnormality develops, we need to consider how individuals deal with the meaning of life and with the value they find in living. This is an example of: Members of a family operate very independently of one another. c. superego. What is an important characteristic of group therapy? A therapist pays close attention to what their client has to say and then makes an effort to show accurate empathy and sincerity in their responses. b. social factors leading to stress. 40. d. Not enough therapists practice existential therapy to make it worth researching. a. very small; selectively b. large; selectively c. large; openly d. small; openly, 142. 44. Second, consider the very interesting social psychology topic attribution theory, or the idea that people are motivated to explain their own and other peoples behavior by attributing causes of that behavior to personal reasons or dispositional factors that are in the person themselves or linked to some trait they have; or situational factors that are linked to something outside the person. Nevertheless, just before the track meet begins, she thinks, "I can't do this! as part of their daily life and this can lead to disordered behavior (Lo & Cheng, 2014; Jones, Cross, & DeFour, 2007; Satcher, 2001), though some research suggests that ethnic identity can buffer against these stressors and protect mental health (Mossakowski, 2003). 62. b. rationalization. A general term used for Freud's, Adler's, and Jung's theories is: The _____ operates in accord with the pleasure principle. d. flight of ideas. a. starting treatment for a diagnosed mental health condition b. passing out educational materials that describe modifiable risk factors for mental illness c. providing routine mental health screenings, followed by immediate intervention as needed d. advocating for federal legislation that protects individuals mental health in the workplace. According to a 2018 report (Prochaska & Norcross), the dominant approach used by clinical psychologists is: a. existential. a. psychodynamic b. sociocultural c. cognitive-behavioral d. humanistic-existential, 9. In terms of the latter, some symbols are linked to the person specifically, while others are common to all people. Briefly outline how communication in the nervous system occurs. Freud believed that consciousness had three levels 1) consciousness which was the seat of our awareness, 2) preconscious that included all of our sensations, thoughts, memories, and feelings, and 3) the unconscious, which was not available to us. a. avoidance b. illogical c. safety d. exposure, 96. The pituitary gland is the master gland which regulates other endocrine glands. b. the pleasure principle. The humanistic perspective focuses on positive regard, conditions of worth, and the fully functioning person while the existential perspective stresses the need for people to re-create themselves continually and be self-aware, acknowledges that anxiety is a normal part of life, focuses on free will and self-determination, emphasizes that each person has a unique identity known only through relationships and the search for meaning, and finally, that we develop to our maximum potential.